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Dilution is the most common calculation in the lab and the easiest to get backwards under pressure. Here you will find C1V1 solving, serial and stepwise dilution planning, concentration conversions between units, and stock-to-working-solution scaling. Each tool prints the intermediate volumes so you can see where a pipetting scheme came from, and flags the assumptions it makes about additive volumes and mixing.

Frequently asked questions

  • What is the difference between a single dilution and a serial dilution?

    A single dilution reaches the target concentration in one step: the dilution calculator solves C1V1 = C2V2 for the stock volume to add. A serial dilution reaches very low concentrations through a chain of equal steps (for example 10-fold tubes); the serial dilution planner lays out every tube, transfer volume, and resulting concentration.

  • Which tool do I need: dilution, molarity, or unit conversion?

    Use the molarity calculator to make a solution from mass and molecular weight, the dilution calculator to prepare a working concentration from a stock, and the laboratory unit converter to express a concentration you already have in another unit (mass ↔ molar needs the molecular weight).